![]() ![]() It may easily happen that the flag byte’s bit pattern occurs in the data.Two consecutive flag bytes indicate the end of one frame and start of the next one.In this way, if the receiver ever loses synchronization, it can just search for the flag byte to find the end of the current frame.A flag byte used to separate the frame as both the starting and ending delimiter, as shown in the figure.The second framing solves the problem of re-synchronization by having each frame start and end with special bytes.Moreover, The receiver node removes the extra-added zero.In bit stuffing, if a 0 and five successive 1 bits encountered, an extra 0 is added. ![]() Here also cause the problem of appearance of the flag in the data part to deal with this an extra bit added.In order to distinguish frames, most protocols use a bit pattern of 8-bit length (01111110) as the flag at the beginning and end of each frame.In a bit-oriented protocol, the data to send is a series of bits.A frames is viewed in this approach as “collection of bits”.
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